The goal of visualisation is to provide the viewer with a qualitative understanding of information contents. This isn’t an easy task. But fortunately there are established design rules and principles that you can use to make your visualisations more effective. Here is an outline of the few simple techniques:
1. Rule of thumb: people can hold, on average, maximum four chunks of perceptual data—try to stick to max. 4 major elements in your visualisation.
2. Leverage gestalt laws of perception: proximity, similarity, connectedness, continuity are powerful visual cues that can instantly convey complex meaning. In a most basic way you can do the following:
- Colour–code related concepts
- Keep related concepts in close proximity
- Connect related concepts with arrows
- Create patterns with uniform colours and font size
- Create cause–and–effect relationships with varied colours and font size
3. Upper right label position: a standard practice in cartography is to place labels above and to the right of the object they describe. Viewers are familiar with this design practice and instantly recognise this relationship, allowing you to leverage this effect in your work.
4. Data-ink ratio: strive to convey maximum information with minimum content. The visualisation should be uncluttered and all graphical elements used should have a clear purpose.
5. Add a short description: to be effective visualisations require a simple description telling the viewer what they should be looking for. Think about it as a short narrative that leads the viewer step–by–step through the graphic.
Based on: Selected human factor issues in information visualizaton (2009); Update on infographics in American newspapers (2000); The Effectiveness of Sidebar Graphics (1992); Exploring how and why people use visualizations in casual contexts (2012).